Percentage Calculator

Divide the first number by the second, then multiply by 100. 80 out of 200 = (80 ÷ 200) × 100 = 40%. Useful for grades, fraction-to-percentage, and score-out-of-total questions.

Take the new value, subtract the old value, divide by the old value, multiply by 100. (105 − 100) ÷ 100 × 100 = 5% increase. (90 − 100) ÷ 100 × 100 = −10% (a decrease).

Percentage CHANGE has a direction — old to new, with a starting value as the denominator. Percentage DIFFERENCE has no direction — it uses the AVERAGE of the two values as the denominator. Used in scientific reporting when neither value is a 'baseline'. Formula: |a − b| / ((a + b) / 2) × 100.

If a final price is AED 80 after a 20% discount, the original price is 80 ÷ (1 − 0.20) = AED 100. The Customize 'X is Y% of WHAT?' mode handles this — gives you the WHAT directly. Pattern: original = known ÷ (percentage as decimal).

Markup is profit as a percentage of COST. Margin is profit as a percentage of PRICE. Same profit, different denominators. Markup is always numerically larger than margin on the same product. A 50% markup ≈ 33% margin. Customize 'Markup ↔ margin' computes both from cost + price.

If interest goes from 4% to 6%, that's a 2 percentage-POINT increase but a 50% PERCENT increase (because 6 is 50% bigger than 4). News headlines often mix these up. When the units are themselves percentages, say 'points'; when comparing relative size, say 'percent'.

Yes. For UAE 5% VAT, set mode to 'increase' with 5%. For a 15% tip at a restaurant, same mode with 15%. For the VAT-only portion of a gross figure, use the dedicated UAE VAT calculator for cleaner output.